Refrigerating plant



J. IVIORAWSKI.

REFRIGERATING PLANT.

APPLICATloN FILED 1uNE19A 1919.

J. MORAWSKI.

REFRIGERATING PLANT.

APPLICATION F| LED1UNEI9, 1919.

1,416,492, Paented May 16, 192i.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

WITNESSES TTORIVEYS J. MORAWSKI.

REFRIGERATING PLANT.

APPLICATION FILED IuNE I9. 1919A 1,416,492., Patented May 16, 1922.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

WIEN.

W/TNESSES /NVE/VTUR' aarraar carica.

x REFRIGTING PLANT.

inmensa.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Bateman may is, iaaa.

Application led June 19, 1919. l Serial No. 305,267.

'To all whom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, JAN MoRAwsKI, a citizen of the Polish Republic, residing at Buenos Aires, Argentina, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Refrigerating Plants, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to certain improvements in refrigerating plants and has for object the provision of means in refrigerating or cold storage chambers for automatically regulating the temperature, withln a determined range7 in the interior of said chambers.

A further object of this invention consists in the eliminatiop` of pipes of any description for the conduction of cold air in the interior of the preserving chambers and in the arrangement of means for automatically causing the circulation of air in the-preserving chamber, within a predetermined range of temperature, and the purification of said circulating air. y

The invention also views other objects which will be evidenced in the course of this specification and to which particular reference will be made in the final claims hereto annexed.

The advantages of this invention substantially reside in the elimination, as far as possible, of the objections inherent to all refrigerating methods actually in use, such as the necessity of renewing the air in the refrigerating or cold storage chambers, the use of pipes for the conduction of cold air in the interior of the preserving compartments, with the consequent excess of moisture in the same owing to the condensation water which settles on the cold air conducting pipes in the interior of the said preserving chambers, the impossibility of mechanically and chemically purifying the air introduced into the said chambers by economical means and the necessity of constantly watching the temperatures. On the other hand, a most important advantage is secured by the` saving realized in the expenses to be incurred for installing and working the plant which amount at least to fifty per cent of the normal cost.

In order that the invention may be clearly understood and carried into practice without diiiculty, the same has been represented by way of example in the accompanying drawings which illustrate a preferred form of embodiment of said invention and in which:

Figure l is a horizontal section of a complete cold storage chamber, provided with the improvements according to this invention.

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical section of the same.

Figure 3 is a cross section on the vline X-i of Fig. 2, and Figure i, finally, shows erating plants or chambers of any other type or construction, as well as to those of a portable type, such as railway cars and the like.

The method in accordance with this invention has been illustrated as applied to a refrigerating chamber in which cold is pro-- duced by means of an ammonia compressor and condenser, though any other means or method may as well be used for the production of cold.

In Figures 1 and 2, the general arrangement of a refrigerating plant or chamber in accordance with the best isolating methods known is shown, comprising a compartment A in which is placed the motor, a compressor and a condenser which may all be of any suitable type of construction. B is another compartment destined to cold storage and independent of the preserving chamber D. C is a space forming a gallery or conduit for the refrigerated, purified and dried air. E is anantechamber within which are placed the fans with their corresponding motors, and F indicates the air purifying chamber. G is a duct by which the purified air circulates from the said chamber F, and H indicates the sink for the absorption of the waste. waters, which may be replaced by a pipe in direct connection with the sewerage main, where such sanitary plants are installed.

I represents the compressor and the condenser placed in the interior of the cham.- ber A, on which is also arranged a tank K for the Coldwater used to refrigerate the condenser. L are the cooling pipes connected with the refrigerating apparatus, arranged in the interior of the chamber B. At the upper part of the preserving chamber D are placed the tubes M for exhausting the foul air which, if desired, may be replaced by one or more exhaust outlet holes, ar'- ranged at the ceiling of the preserving chamber. rllhe said tubes extend to the blowers N, arranged in the interior of the ant/e chamber E and which by means of the pipes fl communicate with the interior of the purifying chamber 1F. P is the perforate floor, provided with its corresponding walks, arranged in the interior of the preserving chamber D. Below the said fioor is placed an inclined perforate plate or sieve Q, destined to evenly distribute the purified and cooled air throughout the whole preserving chamber. R is a tank to contain water prepared with chemical purifying matters of quick action, placed above the antechamber .E and which by means of a pipe S communicates with the interior of the purifying chamber F. rThe said pipe S and the tank R itself is provided with suitable means of control (not shown) by which a predetermined amount of the purifying liquid may be caused to pass therefrom to the purifying chamber F, in a predetermined period of time. T is a syphon which communicates with the collecting sink H, or if there be none, directly connected to the sewerage main, by means of which syphon a constant level `of liquid is maintained in the interior of the purifying chamber F. T is a tube leading from the bottom of said purifying chamber, serving for the purpose of draming and cleaningl the same. A cock T, arranged to be operated from outside, serves to effect said drainage whenever desired. U is a pipe leading from the compartment A directly to the sink, for the elimination of the condensation water which may have accumulated within the said compartment. In the interior of the cold storage chamber B is provided a thermostat V in combination with a solenoid X, arranged within the chamber A and destined to stop or start the motor which operates the refrigerating elements of said compartment A. ln the Ain-v terior of the preserving compartment D are also provided one or several thermostats V in combination with their solenoids X for ner: The requlred degree of cold having` been produced by means of the compressor and condenser of the compartment A,-or by any other refrigerating means which ma be employed and the temperature in the cold storage chamber having been reduced to the desired degree, the operation of the cold generating elements is automatically` stopped by the combination between the motor driving the same and the solenoid X in relation with the thermostat V, provided within the said cold storage chamber D. rfthe interruption of the operation will last till the moment at which the temperature within the said cold storage chamber B will rise to a predetermined degree, comprised in the thermostatic cycle, and at the said moment the operation of the cold generating elements will again be started by the action of the thermostat V and solenoid X. ln consequence, it will, be sufiicient to graduate at maximum and minimum the said thermostat V in order that stopping will take place at the instant when the minimum temperature is reached, while the start will be effected as soon as the maximum temperatures predetermined for the cold storage chamber are reached. After starting the blowers N, these will exhaust the foul air from the preserving chamber by means of the aspirators or holes M, arranged at the ceiling of the same and force the air by the pipes 0 to the purifying chamber F. 'llhe air, by passing through the liquid mass contained in said purifying chamber F and prepared with suitable chemical matters, inoffensive to health and taste but ofv a quick and strong purifying action and which passes from the tank R to said chamber in previously fixed proportions,-is mechanically and chemically cleaned and purified, whereupon such purified air passes by the air conduit G to the cold storage chamber B. When passing through this cold compartment B, the purife-d air is refrigerated to the desired degree of temperature and is dried by condensation, while at the same time any excess of chemical matter which should have been carried along by the air at its passage through the purifying chamber is eliminated, whereupon the air passes by the gallery C and is evenly distributed throughout the whole lpreserving chamber, through the perforate plate or sieve Q., passing through the perforate floor P at its entire surface, so as to fill and refrigerate the said preserving chamber, D.

This process of removing the air through the tube of the chamber lasts all the time while the temperature in the interior of the preserving chamber D has not descended to its minimum limit, conveniently predetermined, whereupon the solenoid X, by being operated by the thermostat V', acts to stop the motor Y-or the motor Y', as the case may be, whereby said circulation is suspended. rJlhis interruption lasts till the instant at which the temperature in the interior of the preserving chamber D rises to the y predetermined maximum limit, at which moment thevsolenoid X will again start the corresponding motor, owing to its combination with the thermostat V.

As will be seen by the foregoin description, the improved means in accor ance with this invention allow of maintaining the temperature in the interior of the preserving chamber between predetermined maximum and minimum limits, in an automatic and precise manner, owing to the combination of the thermostats and 'solenoids It will thus also be seen that the cold generating ele- Aments only operate at the moments necessar by the arrangement of similar devices which cause their stoppage andv start at the exact moments required.

By this means the cost of working such kind of plantsis greatly reduced, while human control, always deficient, is avoided and replaced by mechanical perfect-control.

Besides, the use of all kinds of pipes or tubes for the circulation` of cold in the interior of the. preserving chamber is entirely avoided, While such circulation is performed automatically, at the moments required and Without entrance of air from outside, all of which meansconsiderable advantages.

In the case of portable refrigerating chambers or plants and in particular 4of plants or chambers of reduced size, the compartments A4 and B may be formed as one-single chamber, thereby saving space and reducing accordingly the elements necessary for working the plant.

This invention, as has already been stated before, is not limited to the particular embodimentldescribed and shown, but may be applied to any desired type of chamber and isalso independent of the means used for producing cold. l

Therefore, many changes or modifications may be introduced without departing from the spirit and limitsv of this invention, now to be clearly defined in the claims annexed tothe foregoing specification.

purifying chamber, and thermostaticallyi' controlled means for circulating air from said refrigerating chamber through said perforated plate and perforated bottom into said cold-storage chamber, through the latter and into said purifying chamber, and thence back to said refrigerating chamber.

2. In a refrigerating plant, the combination of a cold-storage chamber, a separate chamber adjacent to one end of said coldstorage chamber containing pipes through which a refrigerating medium -is passed, a communicating passage between said two chambers, an air-purifying chamber adjacent to the other end of said cold-storage chamber, a conduit extending lengthwise of the latter from said air-purifying chamber to said separate chamber,4 thermostatically-controlld means for circulating said refrigerating medium through said pipes, mechanism for withdrawing air from said coldstorage chamber and forcing it through said air-.purifying chamber and conduit back to said separate chamber, and independent thermostatically-controlled means for actu ating said mechanism.

In testimony whereof- I afiix my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

JAN MORAWSKI.

Witnesses:

P. GRANOT, J. W. CoNNELLY, .T1-. 

